Before it was thought that Neanderthals and the ancestors to modern humans interbred in an event around 65,000 years ago. However, a new study suggests that there was earlier contact between the two groups around 100,000 years ago due to the discovery of modern human DNA in Neanderthals. This discovery also suggest that these early modern humans left Africa before the migration event known as the “out of Africa” event around 47-65 thousand years ago.
People today of European, Eurasian
and Asian ancestry have traces of Neanderthal DNA in their genome. This
information implies that the children of Neanderthal-human parents lived
amongst human populations outside of Africa where they then bred with other
humans. On the other hand, present day Africans do not have these traces of
Neanderthal DNA, which implies that the sexual contact between the two groups
occurred outside of Africa.
These conclusions are drawn from
comparing the complete genome of hundreds of present day humans and either the
partial or complete genome of four archaic humans. One of these Neanderthals,
dubbed the “Altai Neanderthal” due to its discovery in a cave in southwest
Siberia, contained modern human genes. These gene sequences are linked to a
group of modern human ancestors from Africa that separated from other humans
sometime around 200,000 years ago.
This gene flow from a population
closely related to modern humans into the Altai Neanderthal raise further
questions about human migration out of Africa earlier than previously known. Why
did these early humans move out of Africa and could there possibly be even
earlier migration events than the one recently discovered? Did these groups
co-exist in populations peacefully outside of Africa and if so, what led to the
extinction of Neanderthals and other archaic human lineages? Great speculation
exists around these ideas, but I’m glad we won because I would not want to look
like a Neanderthal.
Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory. "Neanderthals mated with
modern humans much earlier than previously thought, study finds: First genetic
evidence of modern human DNA in a Neanderthal individual." ScienceDaily.
ScienceDaily, 17 February 2016. .
-Allen Currier (1)
The history of the Neanderthal is such a mystery. The origin of early humanity in general is such a mystery. We have an idea of what they did, but we're not sure why they did and when they did it. And even when we get an idea, evidence always rolls around and makes us take a second look. This concept pertains a lot to Neanderthals. I was always so interested in why they died out and what their interactions with the modern humans were like. I think they got out competed. There was a documentary I saw one time about how the shape of the Neanderthals' head and the respective brain shape could have been susceptible to a changing environment. They could not adapt. We may never know.
ReplyDeleteCommented by Nick Michienzi
I took an Evolution class last semester and the professor talked about how there's some research being done now that suggest that some Neanderthals mated with humans! This is so interesting! Neanderthals have some pretty distinguishable features, I'm happy our species won too. I wonder what it was that led to some Neanderthals mating with humans and some not mating with humans.
ReplyDelete-Emily Mueller (Group 2)
Nick you bring up a good point that these events happened so long ago that we can only theorize about what happened. That leads to whether it's worth investigating or if we should just accept the fact that we will never know and instead look toward our future.
ReplyDeleteAllen Currier
Emily it's definitely interesting to think if the first meeting between groups was something like Columbus and the natives that eventually turned sour as they competed for resources. That makes you wonder what life was like for these hybrid populations mixed with neanderthals and humans during such a transitional time.
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