In honor of my 21st
birthday tomorrow, I have decided to post about the biology behind
intoxication or in other words, what really happens to us on a night
out drinking. Many young adults drink beer or liquor on a weekly
basis when they go out socializing with friends but not so many of
them know about what is really going on in their bodies when they
drink these beverages. The main component working to get you drunk
is obviously alcohol, but more specifically ethanol because it is
water soluble.
When ethanol is consumed, the first
place it travels to is your stomach. This is where the alcohol enters
the water in your bloodstream. From there it travels to literally
every other part of your body from muscles to skin and other organs
like your lungs (this is how a breathalyzer is able to determine your
blood alcohol content). The real damage (or bonus depending on how
you look at it) however, doesn't happen until the ethanol reaches your
brain.
Here, ethanol interacts with some of
your neuronal receptors. One of which, the NMDA receptor, usually
works by binding to a molecule glutamate to control memory
functions. However, when ethanol is present, it binds to NMDA where
glutamate normally would, blocking the site. Since glutamate can't
bind, the receptor cannot do its job. This is the reason memory loss (or blacking-out) can occur with excessive drinking.
Another receptor it messes with is the
GABA receptor. Instead of blocking GABA though, ethanol activates it.
GABA is an inhibitory neurotransmitter. This means that when it is
activated it actually inhibits neuronal signals from
transmitting. So when ethanol binds to it, it essentially slows the
brain down. This is what gives us the euphoric feeling of being
relaxed and stress free. It also is the reason people tend to be
more talkative and confident when they are drunk.
So this weekend whether you find
yourself cracking open a cold one or slapping the bag, think about
what that ethanol is actually doing to your body. Or if you're too
intoxicated to think that deep, think about it in the morning when
you're hungover because that alcohol has dehydrated you. So don't
forget to drink two cups of water before bed!
Cheers
Posted by Kevin Barisano (1)
Thanks for sharing this, Kevin. It is definitely interesting knowing the science behind alcohol and how it effects our bodies internally. Do you know what happens to these receptors on the neurons as you continue to drink over the years?
ReplyDelete-Samuel Ustayev
Sam,
DeleteMy research didn't extend this far but it is a great question. I can't imagine it has a positive effect but there may be some negative affects for these specific receptors.
-Kevin Barisano
It's crazy how damaging alcohol is and its affects on a persons body. I feel like when people drink they want that stress free and relaxed feeling that they forget about the consequences. But Happy 21st Kevin and have fun tonight :)
ReplyDeletePosted by Chelcie Claude
Thanks a lot informing us about this, definitely a very interesting topic that probably none of us have thought about. Very interesting to see how this all happens and the effects on our body and mind. Also Happy Birthday!
ReplyDeleteAlex Sroczynski
Great post and very appropriate! I'd be curious to learn more about the effects on the various receptors and specifically what sort of combinations with other chemicals further impair or inhibit the receptors. I've heard lots of theories regarding drinking on an empty stomach vs. having a heavy carbohydrate meal before hand etc. I'm wondering if these anecdotes have any basis in science, or if they are purely anecdotal. It would be interesting to see if the effects of alcohol consumption can be slowed down or sped up depending on other chemicals present in your stomach.
ReplyDeletePosted by Kirk MacKinnon
DeleteKirk,
DeleteAs I wrote above, the first place the ethanol travels to is your stomach. the food in your stomach soaks up some of the ethanol so the more food you have in there, the less ethanol can make it to your bloodstream.
Kevin Barisano
When I think about what alcohol does to my body, I often focus more on how it damages my liver. Thank you for reminding us on the damages it does to our brain as well. I always wondered what caused a person to "black out". Now I know it's because the glutamate can't bind to NMDA.
ReplyDeletePosted by Amber Vien
Amber,
DeleteThere are clearly many other consequences and side effects of drinking alcohol; these were just two examples I thought fellow college students would relate to.
Kevin Barisano
This was a great post because it is so relatable to your fellow college students, and is very interesting. I often wondered how exactly we "black out" from consuming alcohol. As other people have commented, I often joke about "my poor liver" after a weekend of drinking, but it is important to remember alcohol can impact us in other ways too. In recent media, many people have drawn attention to the harmful effects of drugs such as MDMA that have become more common on college campuses, but i think because alcohol has become so accepted students often over look the negative effects it has on their bodies and brain. Thanks for the blog post!
ReplyDeletePosted by Kristen Whitehead